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Kategori : EDUCATION IDEALISM
INTRODUCTION
Idealism is a rattling erstwhile philosophical thought together with it has exercised a rigid influence on the heed of human being throughout the ages. Even inward modern times when people are non inclined towards accepting whatsoever dogmatic creed or philosophy, idealism has for sure attractions which appeal to the human heed together with thereby practice a swell influence on human thinking. In didactics the influence of idealism has gone a long way to limit about of the radical thinking together with found the worth of the eternal ideals together with values of life.
The word idealism is derived from ii distinct sources-the thought together with the ideal. Idea agency truthful together with testified knowledge. The word ideal stands for the perfected shape of an thought or ideas. An idealist does non receive got considerations for cloth values of life. H5N1 thinker who idolizes ‘Mind together with Self’ is an idealist. Idealism is 1 of the oldest schools of philosophy.
TYPES OF IDEALISM
(a) ABSOLUTE IDEALISM
It is the 1 type which has found its way into educational philosophy. This lays downward that the pump of reality is to live found inward thought or reason. Reason is absolute; inward fact it is the absolute. Being absolute, it is also 1 i.e., monistic. Everything, thus, is interrelated together with all contradictions reconciled. Furthermore the consummate drive of whatsoever unmarried occurrence involves the whole of reality. The cosmos is swell thought process, together with the absolute is god thinking. Everything happens equally a number of the self-willed thought i. e. absolute. The absolute is already complete, together with self-realized. Nature is the medium through which the absolute progressively reveals itself inward external form. Mind of human being however, is a percentage of the absolute whole. The absolute existence the whole together with didactics existence a percentage thereof, it may live that written report of the fragment may break of import facts of the totality.
The centralistic approach to idealism on the whole has committed this educational philosophy to the prominent importance of consciousness. Mind is ultimately spiritual, non materialistic. Human nature is to live viewed, equally to a greater extent than than a behaving organism, responding to the stimuli of its environment. Man is besides atomistic. Idealism stresses for sure wholeness. Nothing happens inward whatsoever percentage of the arrangement that does non impact the rest.
On religious together with moral education, the definition of the absolute is unmistakably of theistic characteristics. Since the aim of didactics is the increasing realization of the absolute, all didactics appears tinged alongside religious significance. This includes moral education. Reason existence the absolute, the universe is 1 of constabulary together with order. So besides in that location is a oral constabulary inward the universe backed past times the authorization of the absolute. Thus lays an inescapable moral imperative on education.
(b) MODERN IDEALISM
It has given a dissimilar melody to educational philosophy. In this concept idealism to a greater extent than to do this thought equally metallic state. n this idealism powerfulness live called a philosophy of idealism. The `I` of idealism existence interested for euphony. The knowledge 1 has of his environs is thought of it. The environs inward itself cannot live known through intermediate thought of it. The environments inward itself cannot live known directly. It tin dismiss alone live known through intermediate thought of human knower. From which the learner’s knowledge takes, therefore, is saltation to live inward percentage the production of his human way of apprehending it. Such concepts are supplied past times the heed of human learning.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF IDEALISM
The fundamental principles of idealism are:
(1) TWO FORMS OF THE WHOLE WORLD
Idealism believes inward ii forms of the world- Spiritual Blue Planet together with Material world, Idealists gives to a greater extent than importance to spiritual Blue Planet inward comparing to the cloth world. They believe that spiritual Blue Planet is existent together with the ultimate truth whereas the cloth Blue Planet is transitory together with moral. According to Horne- “Idealism holds that the monastic enjoin of the Blue Planet is due to the manifestation inward infinite together with fourth dimension of an eternal together with spiritual reality.”
(2) IDEAS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN OBJECT
According to Idealists, knowledge of heed together with soul tin dismiss live obtained through ideas only. Hence, they receive got given to a greater extent than importance to ideas over the objects together with cloth or later. In the words of Plato “Ideas are of the ultimate cosmic significance. They are rather the essences or archetypes which gain shape to cosmos. These ideas are eternal together with unchanging.”
(3)IMPORTANCE OF MAN OVER NATUR
To Idealists, human being is to a greater extent than of import than cloth nature. It is because human being tin dismiss retrieve together with experience close cloth objects together with cloth phenomena. Hence, the thinker or the 1 who experiences is to a greater extent than of import than the object or the phenomena experienced. Man is endowed alongside word together with a sense of discrimination. Thus, he is non a slave of the environs equally animals are but the moulds together with transforms the environs for his ain proficient together with welfare of the society. In short, he creates his ain Blue Planet of virtue together with his inventiveness achieves higher together with higher levels of fine art inward many areas.
(4)FAITH IN SPIRITUAL VALUES
According to Idealists, prime number aim of life is to accomplish spiritual values-Truth, beauty together with goodness. These spiritual values are undying together with permanent. The realization of these values is the realization of god. In the pursuit of these absolute values human being rises higher together with higher inward the moral airplane till he attains divinity. For the achievement of these spiritual values all the capacities of human being are to live harnessed to the full. These capacities are- knowing, feeling together with willing.
(5)IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Idealists gain much importance to the ‘self’ of the individual. Hence they insist upon the fullest evolution of the personality of an individual. According to them the evolution of personality agency achievement of ‘perfection’. Plato rightly speaks that each private has an ideal self. He tries to develop that ideal ‘self’ to a greater extent than together with more. This self-realization is the truthful sense of the term. It may live noted that self-realization agency knowledge of the ‘self’ or soul. This self-realization tin dismiss alone live achieved inward society. Hence, evolution of social qualities is rattling essential for self-realization equally it expresses itself inward the shape of love, sympathy, fellow-feeling together with co-operation for the proficient of all together with discrimination amidst human beings on whatsoever Blue Planet of caste, creed, sex, race or condition etc. It clears the fact that Idealism advocates the concept of universal education. In brusk Idealism believes inward the welfare of whole human community.
(6)FULL SUPPORT TO THE PRINCIPLE OF UNITY IN DIVERSITY
Idealists gain total back upwards to the regulation of Unity inward Diversity. They believe that is of spiritual nature. This may live called Universal Consciousness or Divinity. This underlying divine forcefulness maintains the existence together with working of all entities. Idealists telephone phone this ability equally God, the Supreme Force which is omnipotent together with omnipresent.
IDEALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION
Idealism prescribes for sure fundamental aims of didactics which are straight influenced past times the aims together with principles of life. In this context Ross puts forth the view, “The business office of didactics is to assist us inward our exploration of the ultimate universal values then that truth of the universe may acquire our truth together with gain ability to our life.’’ Some of the of import aims of didactics equally set downward past times idealists are given below
(1) SELF REALIZATION.
According to idealism human being is the most beautiful creation of god-His grandest work. It lays swell stress on the exaltation of human personality it is self-realization The aim of didactics is to develop the self of the individuals higher till self-realization is achieved It is inward fact making actual or existent the highest potentialities of the self.
(2) UNIVERSAL EDUCATION.
Education according to idealism should live universal inward nature. The universe is regarded equally a thought process. Education should live based on the teaching of Universal truth from the stand-point of rationality of the Universe
(3) SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT.
Idealists gain greater importance to spiritual values inward comparing alongside cloth attainments. According to Rusk, “Education must enable Mankind through its civilisation to acquire inward to a greater extent than together with to a greater extent than fully into the spiritual realm, together with also acquire inward to a greater extent than together with to a greater extent than fully into the spiritual realm, together with also enlarge the boundaries of spiritual realm”.
(4)TRANSMISSION AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
The aim of idealistic didactics is the preservation ; enrichment and transmission of culture, Education must contribute to the development of culture .It should help in enlarging the boundaries of spiritual realm
(5)CULTIVATION OF MORAL VALUES
According to idealism, human being is essentially a moral being. Therefore, moral, intellectual together with aesthetic aspects of his personality should live promoted. According to Dr.Prem Nath “The process of didactics must lead to the deepest spiritual insight and to the highest moral and spiritual insight and to the highest moral and spiritual insight together with to the highest moral and spiritual comport .”
(6) PREPARATION FOR H5N1 HOLY LIFE
Idealism prepares an private for a holy life. Froebel says.”The object of didactics is the realization of a faithful, pure, inviolable together with hence holy life.’’
(7) DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENCE AND RATIONALITY
Idealism wishes that didactics should develop the heed fully. It makes a somebody rational equally well. Only the highly developed heed tin dismiss empathise the all pervading force. The idealists believe that education must help in the full evolution of mind , the emancipation of spirit, self realization and the realization of higher values of life and to prepare the whole man completely and fully for manhood and not some part of man.
IDEALISM AND CURRICULUM
While developing curriculum, idealists gain to a greater extent than importance to thought, feelings, ideals together with values than to the kid together with his activities. They firmly hold that curriculum should live concerned alongside the whole humanity together with its experiences. It must consist of humanities.
The curriculum should give good mental experience of all types. So cognition (knowing) affecting (feeling) and conation (striving) should find due place. Sciences together with fine art should live taught as fully integrated. Since the main aim of education according to the philosophy of idealism is to preserve and advance the culture of human race ,so subjects like Religion, Ethics, philosophy, History, Literature etc, should be provided in the curriculum. Healthy heed is found inward salubrious babe only. So health, hygiene, games together with sports should uncovering an of import house inward the curriculum.
IDEALISM AND METHODS OF TEACHING
Idealism has non prescribed specific methods of teaching. According to idealism, class-room is a temple of spiritual learning, a coming together house of human minds- a house for self education. For this no item method has been suggested.However, the next methods receive got been advocated past times dissimilar idealists:
· Learning through reading
· Learning through lecturing
· Learning through give-and-take
· Learning through imitation
· Descrates employed the device of uncomplicated to complex
IDEALISM AND DISCIPLINE
Naturalism provides unrestricted liberty to the kid whereas Idealism wants to drib dead along the kid nether discipline. Idealists believe that in that location tin dismiss live no spiritual evolution of the kid without discipline. This leads to inner discipline. “The dependent is non to live imposed on pupils. The instructor has alone to assist them to develop self dependent together with through that self knowledge”
Self-insight together with self analysis are the master copy disciplinary factors. The master copy occupation of didactics is the tillage of higher values of life through moral together with religious education. It requires the instructor to acquaint a proficient event together with practice lasting impact upon the pupil’s mind. H5N1 instructor is an ideal somebody to live emulated past times this pupil.
IDEALISM AND TEACHER
Idealism assigns a exceptional work to the teacher. It considers instructor equally a spiritual guide for the child. The instructor serves equally a living model for the student. He sets the environs inward which didactics takes place. He carries the kid from darkness to light. He is to guide the pupil towards utmost possible perfection
Idealism regards the instructor equally the priest of man’s spiritual heritage. He is a co-worker alongside God inward perfecting man. An idealist instructor is a philosopher, friend together with guide. According to Gentle- H5N1 instructor is “a spiritual symbol of correct conduct.” He is thus, an indispensable necessity.
According to Froebel, the schoolhouse is a garden, the instructor is a cautious gardener together with the kid is a tender plant. The works life tin dismiss grow, no doubt, without assist but the proficient gardener sees that the works life grows to the finest possible perfection. Through teacher’s guidance the kid tin dismiss brand his natural evolution into a procedure leading to perfection together with beauty.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF IDEALISM TO EDUCATION
Idealistic philosophy inward didactics emphasizes ‘the exaltation of personality’, which is the number of self-realization, achieved past times spiritual knowledge, self-discipline together with dignified teacher. Idealism assigns a rattling of import house to the instructor who is respected equally a guide, together with philosopher. They emphasize the importance of moral together with spiritual didactics together with points out the values of humanities, social sciences, fine art together with literature. It emphasizes man’s perfection inward diverse facets of life-physical, spiritual, intellectual, moral, esthetic together with social.
EVALUATION OF IDEALISM
(1)The mutual criticism regarding Idealism is that it is an abstract together with vague doctrine. It avoids the acquaint realities together with prepares the kid for the side past times side world.
(2) Idealism is concerned alongside the ultimate halt of life. It avoids the existent problems 24-hour interval to 24-hour interval living. Education should live such equally to brand individuals capable to solve the problems that human face upwards them from fourth dimension to fourth dimension able to Pb a happy together with contented life.
(3) Idealism lays to a greater extent than emphasis on thinking together with mental activities. This increases the importance of intellectualism unnecessarily.
(4) Idealistic didactics gives to a greater extent than importance to instructor inward relation to the child. Modern psychology emphasizes the prime number together with fundamental importance of child.
(5) Idealistic methods of teaching emphasize cramming together with rote memory. In modern education, these methods are given piffling importance.
CONCLUSION
Idealism may live considered to live outmoded inward the prevailing scientific Blue Planet view. Idealistic concepts similar ‘spirit’, ‘mind’, ‘soul’, together with ‘the cosmos’ receive got piffling relevance inward the class-room teaching. There is besides much emphasis on proficient manners together with modesty which may live mistaken. It neglects child’s psychological nature. Idealism does non contribute to methods of teaching. It sets unobtainable goals. Idealistic system of education, past times together with large, pays attending to physical, industrial, social together with electronic environs of today. It neglects social aspects of life. It over emphasizes humanity together with nether rates scientific discipline together with technology. In all, nosotros tin dismiss say that idealistic approach to didactics has its ain merits together with shortcomings. It should, therefore, live supplemented past times other philosophy or philosophies of education.
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