Di Posting Oleh : INFO PENDIDIKAN
Kategori : CONTINUING EDUCATION EDUCATION POST LITERACY
INTRODUCTION
The thought of a Learning Society was first of all frontward past times the United Nations Educational Scientific in addition to Cultural Organization (UNESCO) inward its famous report, titled “Learning to live “. According to these report, a learning companionship is 1 inward which all agencies of a companionship are educational providers; non simply those primary responsibleness is education. Similarly all citizens should live engaged inward learning, taking total payoff of the opportunities provided past times the learning society. True to these words, Kerala has ever been a learning society. The educational in addition to social reforms of Maharajas, the relentless efforts of Christian missionaries, the educational pursuits of Nair Service Society, the contribution of Sree Narayan Movement in addition to a galaxy of social reforms set a strong educational base of operations inward Kerala.
India has really rich in addition to long history of education: pedagogy which has been passed on from 1 generation to the adjacent of thousands of years inward diverse fields of knowledge. People passed on skills along amongst the rigor of noesis in addition to human values. It was an integrated form of an education.
The concept of continuing education, post literacy or lifelong learning has been embedded inward almost all traditional philosophies. Continuing pedagogy is seen every bit going far beyond what is already practiced, peculiarly inward the developed countries such every bit upgrading amongst refresher training, retraining in addition to conversion or advertisement courses for adults. It should opened upwardly up opportunities for learning for all, for many different purposes.
Education should enable people to develop awareness of themselves in addition to their environs in addition to encourage them to play their social roles in addition to piece of work inward the community. It should aid maintain measuring amongst the evolution of novel noesis of today peculiarly inward the domain of data in addition to communication technology. It should aid acquire novel skills to facial expression upwardly global competitiveness. Therefore, continuing education, post literacy or lifelong learning volition shortly acquire a reality for all people. Lifelong learning agency learning throughout life. It is non confined to childhood or youth but takes house inward mature adulthood every bit good every bit inward older age. This is a major alter from traditional approaches to pedagogy in addition to learning.
ADULT EDUCATION
Adult pedagogy is a powerful auxiliary in addition to an essential incentive to primary education. The concept of adult pedagogy has brought a novel promise for adults who could non acquire chance of receiving pedagogy during their schoolhouse years. Through diverse programmes in addition to techniques of social education, the illiterate farmers inward the fields, laborers inward the factories in addition to others tin live acquainted amongst the latest developments taking house inward their on fields in addition to thus they tin live made happier in addition to useful citizens who would empathise their rights in addition to duties given to them inward the constitution of gratis India.
Adult pedagogy is really much needed to alter the diverse facets of the life of our adults. It is essential so that the masses may live trained inward diverse habits to enable them to Pb a happier life. Literacy volition supply them opportunities of reading in addition to writing in addition to volition liberate them from the chains of ignorance. Adult pedagogy volition remove them inward unopen contact amongst their community in addition to country’s cultural heritage.
Adult, continuing pedagogy in addition to post literacy is 1 of the prestigious programmes of University Grants Commission. In American in addition to European Universities, this programme enjoys much importance piece inward Indian Universities; it is struggling to endure inside the University system.
In Republic of Republic of India the unique vogue of interpretation of Adult pedagogy is Adult Literacy (3Rs). We are focusing on Total Literacy, Residual Literacy, post literacy, continuing pedagogy etc. The range of Adult pedagogy is unlimited. In Republic of Republic of India at the beginning, the priority was given to adult literacy in addition to it is the fourth dimension for ‘Mission for Continuing education’. Adult pedagogy is a vibrant, fueled past times expanding demand in addition to involvement amongst broad gain of possibilities inward both world in addition to private sector.
In Academic Adult Education, beingness ‘adult’ does non refer to age, but rather the fashion of study in addition to the objective of the students. Adult pedagogy inside universities is an opened upwardly non-formal scheme of pedagogy which is aiming at complementing in addition to supplementing the requirement of students in addition to community in addition to contributing to the principles of Lifelong learning.
POST LITERACY
Post literacy or post literacy pedagogy is a concept used inward Adult pedagogy programs aimed at of late illiterate or ‘neo-literate’ adults in addition to communities. Unlike continuing pedagogy or farther education, which covers secondary or vocational topics for adult learners, post literacy programs supply skills which mightiness otherwise live provided inward primary pedagogy settings. Post literacy pedagogy are programmes which aim to maintain in addition to heighten basic literacy, numeracy in addition to employment solving skills, giving individuals sufficient full general basic piece of work skills enabling them to role effectively inward their societies. Post literacy programmes are designed for adults who desire to strengthen their literacy skills. They may live immigrants, slum-dwellers or elderly rural poor.
Jana Shikshan Nilayam (JSN) or People’s Centre of Learning was conceived in addition to introduced inward 1988 every bit an innovative institutionalized framework for post literacy amongst a persuasion to arresting the unfortunate in addition to recurring phenomenon of relapse of neo-literates into literacy on the 1 manus in addition to for advertisement of a learning companionship on the other. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 set of comprehensive guidelines on location of JSN, selection, preparation in addition to placement of Prerak, procurement of materials in addition to the modality of conducting the plethora of activities inward the JSN were also issued to State Government in addition to other agencies interested inward setting upwardly the JSNs. National Literacy Mission is also a engineering scientific discipline mission inward every bit it seeks to harness the finding of scientific in addition to technological interrogation to improved the measuring in addition to character of the programme and to create a amend teaching- learning environment.
OBJECTIVES OF POST LITERACY
The major objectives of the post literacy programme are:
® Organize activities for the sustenance of basic literacy in addition to awareness amid the neo-literates;
® Ensure retentivity of literacy skills in addition to upwardly gradation of skills, especially of women;
® Create an atmosphere for the application of the skills acquired past times them;
® Supply reading materials for neo-literates;
® Continue literacy classes for drop-outs in addition to those who were non covered past times the total literacy campaign;
® Promote the developmental activities;
® Take upwardly non-formal pedagogy scheme for the dropouts from schools. FUNCTIONS OF POST-LITERACY
Some major functions of post-literacy programmes include the following:
a) TO CONSOLIDATE BASIC LITERACY SKILLS
A literate who has simply completed a basic literacy course of instruction is non guaranteed retentivity of that skill. As for whatever other science it could acquire diffuse in addition to fade out inward fourth dimension unless it is systematically strengthened. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 well-designed post-literacy programme may live able to salvage the situation. With cloth designed to accommodate the interests of the target group, post-literacy science should live able to reinforce in addition to consolidate basic literacy skills both cognitively in addition to affectively.
b) TO MAKE LIFE-LONG LEARNING POSSIBLE
Post-literacy is a pair towards autonomous learning. To gain the phase of autonomous learning agency to live inside the grasp of beingness a life-long learner.
Post-literacy programmes develop reading habits piece at the same fourth dimension heighten writing in addition to numeracy skill. Without post-literacy programmes, or their equivalent, a learning companionship cannot materialize since the neo in addition to semi-literates volition non live motivated to expire beyond basic literacy skills. Post-literacy programmes supply a instant chance for the disadvantaged to acquire life-long learners.
A keen pupil inside a post-literacy programme has broad options from which to remove farther education. Such a pupil tin either enroll inward an equivalency programme in addition to so possess got the run a peril to come inward the formal scheme again, or he or she tin expire to other types of continuing pedagogy such every bit vocationally-oriented income-generating programmes or others. In this sense, post-literacy programmes are liberating forces which supply the chance for participants to expire on to larn throughout life.
c) TO ENHANCE UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY
Effective communication fosters agreement in addition to promotes ties inward the community. Humankind is gregarious past times nature. Being gregarious nosotros must possess got the science to communicate to others in addition to to hear effectively. Effective communication, including listening, requires for certain skills. These skills tin live acquired through training. Communication preparation programmes tin live designed in addition to made available to every interested individual. Communication skills, therefore, should live a key component of whatever post-literacy programme. They should live carefully developed to heighten agreement of companionship in addition to of the community.
d) TO DIFFUSE TECHNOLOGY AND INCREASE VOCATIONAL SKILL
Appropriate engineering scientific discipline transforms the evolution of whatever country. Post-literacy programmes tin live an effective musical instrument to transfer required technologies to disadvantaged groups in addition to to alter a listless «observer» into a productive energetic fellow member of the project force. The most successful post-literacy programmes are associated amongst the piece of work force. The advanced skills of reading, writing in addition to numerically required for autonomous learning are developed loped inward association amongst the functional noesis needed past times participants to live maximally efficient every bit employees. The significance of such an approach for the overall upgrading of engineering scientific discipline in addition to for improvement inward private in addition to commercial efficiency is self-evident. This type of approach makes a major contribution to the economical well-being of individuals in addition to of the state every bit a whole.
e) TO MOTIVATES INSPIRE AND INSTILL HOPE TOWARDS IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Drop-outs, disadvantaged groups in addition to low-income earners possess got a feeling of hopelessness. For them the time to come is bleak. Their children are unlikely to possess got a meaningful house inward society. Survival is past times chance. Motivation to improve in addition to the volition to excel inward life is marginal if non zero. Feelings of helplessness in addition to the sense of alienation tin live overcome. Making such people realize that each in addition to everyone has the same unharnessed potential in addition to that everybody is capable of attaining the best inward life, volition motivate them to excel inward whatever champaign they create upwardly one's heed to undertake. This is possible because a post-literacy programme is an educational activity. Being educational it is an effective tool to carry upon changes inward attitudes in addition to conduct towards life. Post-literacy cultivates, develops, strengthens in addition to stimulates the ability of the target group.
MAJOR AGENCIES IN KERALA
The major agencies engaged inward the champaign are
KERALA SASTRA SAHITYA PARISHAD:
The Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) is a scientific, cultural organization, promoted to popularize scientific discipline amid ordinary people. It was established inward 1957. It organizes classes, lectures, scientific discipline clubs, scientific discipline corners, scientific discipline fair, in addition to adult literacy classes in addition to so on. KSSP led the total literacy cause of Ernakulum district in addition to Akshara Keralam Project of the state.
Panchayat Resource Mapping Campaign of KSSP has mobilized really large number of citizens. The champaign flat resources mobilization led to Kerala Total Literacy Campaign in addition to afterwards to the People’s Planning Campaign. It has published to a greater extent than than 100 books to cater to the needs of different sections of the community. This includes children’s literature, social science, pop science, life history in addition to references. In improver the KSSP has published interrogation reports on electrical flow issues of Kerala. Today KSSP provides resources back upwardly to other states for their literacy campaigns, continuing pedagogy programmes, resources mapping, in addition to popularization of science, local survey, in addition to micro planning in addition to so on.
MITRANIKETAN:
Mitraniketan is a non-governmental scheme dedicated to non-formal pedagogy programme. It is a rural community centre opened upwardly to all individuals in addition to families irrespective of race, colour, creed or nationality in addition to provides motivation to amend their lives in addition to to serve the mutual men. Mitraniketan has also started adult literacy centers inward villages. Programmes of non-formal pedagogy are organized for propagating functional literacy, household unit of measurement planning in addition to childcare in addition to wellness education. Training programmes possess got been organized targeting farmers, women children in addition to out of schoolhouse children. Mitraniketan has started a rural engineering scientific discipline centre where, rural engineering scientific discipline is intended to live promoted.
QUILON SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY:
Quilon Social Service Society (QSSS) is functioning every bit a registered voluntary scheme for social activity inward Quilon Diocese from 1960 onwards. The society’s aim was to start 1 comprehensive non-formal pedagogy centre attached to each of its local units in addition to also to possess got all the 3 stages of adult pedagogy viz. literacy, post-literacy in addition to continuing education. QSSS launched a novel scheme for converting adult pedagogy centers every bit centers for helping the really miserable families of the localities, to involve themselves inward evolution oriented self-help programmes.
LITERACY FORUM:
Its major objectives are
· to give professional person advice in addition to supply leadership inward matters concerning adult/non-formal/continuing education, literacy piece of work in addition to extension inward the state;
· to carry out evaluation in addition to gain on adult/non-formal education;
· to supply a mutual forum for all interested inward adult pedagogy in addition to literacy program
CONTINUING EDUCATION
The thought of a ‘Learning Society’ was first of all seat frontward past times the United Nations Educational Scientific in addition to Cultural Organization (UNESCO) inward its famous written report (1972), titled ‘Learning to be’. According to this report, a learning companionship is 1 inward which all agencies of a companionship are educational providers; non simply those whose primary responsibleness is education. Similarly, all citizens should live engaged inward learning, taking total payoff of the opportunities provided past times the learning society. True to these words, Kerala has ever been a learning society. The educational in addition to social reforms of Maharajas, the relentless efforts of Christian missionaries, the educational pursuits of Nair Service Society, the contribution of Sree Narayan Movement in addition to a galaxy of social reforms set a strong educational base of operations inward Kerala. The socio-political movements, liberty contend in addition to merchandise wedlock movements possess got played a really important role inward creating a suitable environs for people’s participation. Excellent network of rural libraries, amend carry in addition to communication facilities, people’s perception towards education, social mobility, political commitments are to a greater extent than or less major factors which provided a conducive climate for the people to learn.
OBJECTIVES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
The primary objectives of Continuing Education programme are;
· To create a Learning Society through Life Long Education.
· To equip the adults amongst practical noesis & employment solving skills to reform the society.
· To remove close fundamental, social, economical in addition to cultural changes inward society.
PROGRAMMES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION CENTRE
1) Equivalency Programmes Designed every bit an alternative pedagogy programme equivalent to existing formal, full general or vocational education
2. Income -generating programmes: Where the participants acquire or upgrade their vocational skills in addition to possess got upwardly income –generating activities.
3) Quality of life improvement programmes: This aims to equip learners in addition to the community amongst essential knowledge, attitude, values in addition to skills to raise their criterion of living.
4) Individual involvement advertisement programmes: to supply opportunities for learners to participate in addition to larn close their individually chosen social, cultural, spiritual, health, physical in addition to artistic interests.
POST LITERACY AS PART OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Post-literacy is a component of the continuing pedagogy process. Post-literacy programmes are designed to strengthen the literacy skills so that the learner tin follow meaningfully other opportunities offered past times other continuing pedagogy programmes. The diagram below clearly shows the role of post-literacy inward the pedagogy process.
The key column of the diagram (Figure 2.1) shows how educational programmes tin live planned in addition to sequenced past times an private throughout life. The programme tin live formal, or non-formal inward nature. Any educational activity after childhood is considered every bit continuing education. The target grouping may live semi-literates, neo-literates or autonomous learners.
ATLP for continuing pedagogy offers vi programmes. Post-literacy thence is 1 of the integrated continuing pedagogy programmes. Other types include Income-Generating Programmes, Quality of Life Improvement prorgammes, Equivalency Programmes, Individual Interest programmes (see ATLP-CE volume I). All vi programmes are functional. All involve functional knowledge. The functional noesis is used every bit a delivery technique amongst the
Objective of making learning is relevant to living in addition to working. However in that location is a major departure betwixt post -literacy in addition to other programmes. The basic departure is that inward the illustration of post-literacy programmes, the advocator must stress rehabilitation activities. This is because it is possible for neo-literates in addition to semi-literates to regress to fifty-fifty consummate illiteracy. This is less possible inward other programmes, especially amid equivalency learners.
CONCLUSION
Kerala is the first of all province inward the province to declare total literacy, which is mainly to effective launching in addition to implementation of diverse programmers. Kerala was recognized amongst the successful completion literacy campaign. It was also a pioneer inward post literacy prorgammes every bit it started continuing pedagogy programme on its ain initiative.
Post literacy is a procedure of continuing education. Its programme in addition to activities are designed to forestall neo-literates in addition to semi-literates from regressing into consummate literacy. Post literacy programme supply the betoken of possess got off inward a continuing pedagogy system. Without it, continuing pedagogy has piddling pregnant to neo-literates or semi-literates.
Post literacy or continuing pedagogy is an inevitable constituent of the strategy of human resources evolution in addition to of the destination of creating a learning society. The aim of continuing pedagogy in addition to post literacy programme is to consolidate the basic literacy skills of reading, numeracy in addition to employment solving, piece simultaneously transforming the learner into an educated fellow member of the community able to participate actively in addition to productively inward the nation’s development.
In post literacy in addition to continuing pedagogy stages, greater emphasis is placed on science evolution in addition to acquisition of novel learning. For those who possess got acquired basic literacy skills, nosotros remove to link these skills to a greater extent than intricately amongst their lives. This tin entirely acquire a reality when they larn non entirely to practise these skills inward their day-to-day life, but also clearly empathise that these skills volition live of vital importance to them inward monastic tell to improve the character in addition to the criterion of their lives.
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