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INTRODUCTION
Education in addition to philosophy are closely inter-related. Philosophy is the corner rock of the foundation of the education. Philosophy answers thousands of questions inwards the plain of education.
Pragmatism is recognized every bit the native philosophy of America. Historically the Pragmatic approach tin endure traced to Protagoras, a sophist Philosopher of ancient Hellenic Republic who said “Man is the stair out of all things”.
John Dewey (1859-1952) becomes its leading in addition to most influential exponent. He practised it inwards his laboratory schoolhouse laid upward inwards Chicago inwards 1896.His purpose was to develop pupils inwards co-operation in addition to mutually useful living.
The term Pragmatism is sometimes called “Progressivism”. “Progress implies Change. Change farther implies novelty”. So didactics cannot endure convenience of every bit acquired 1 time for all. Life has move every bit complex every bit is dependent to rapid modifications that the kid has to facial expression upward novel problems in addition to didactics should enable the kid to acquire novel techniques in addition to problematic situations. Problem solving is at the heart of all the education. The educative procedure becomes empirical, experimental in addition to piecemeal: inwards a give-and-take Pragmatism.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Ø Pragmatists believe that human being is primarily a biological in addition to sociological organism. Past, for human being is dead in addition to move on. Tomorrow would come upward alongside its ain problems in addition to alongside their ain problems.
Ø Human beings are essentially active. Here emphasis is on activity in addition to learning past times doing. Action is existent in addition to ideas are tools.
Ø There are no absolute values of life. Values are flexible. They modify alongside fourth dimension in addition to circumstances.
Ø Mind is dynamic process, which functions inside a man. The human heed is the production of change. The increment of personality is the production of activity in addition to discovery. Development of personality is possible solely inwards social context.
Ø Truth is that which plant inwards practical situations. It is workable.
Ø Thought in addition to cognition emerges from search in addition to enquiry.
Ø Pragmatism makes activity; the footing of all teaching prefers self activity inwards the context of co-operative activity.
AIM OF EDUCATION
According to the pragmatic persuasion the component subdivision of didactics is to pick out nearly sure as shooting changes inwards the behaviour of the individual. These changes relate to the physical, intellectual, in addition to the moral evolution of the human beings. They reverberate the increment of the individual, every bit the procedure of didactics goes on in addition to the private continues growing physically, mentally, in addition to morally. Since this procedure starts from nativity in addition to continues throughout life. Education is broadly conceived every bit a life-long process.
Pragmatism rejects the thought of accepting eternal truths and fixed principles. Truths are expert in addition to proved past times human experience. In the procedure of didactics values in addition to truths are discovered at each phase in addition to every bit the private goes on discovering them he goes on acquiring to a greater extent than in addition to to a greater extent than self-confidence in addition to breadth of vision which is indicative of his increment in addition to realization of some objectives.
Educational aims are non at the terminate of procedure of education. They are rather inside the procedure in addition to every bit the private move on achieving some educational objectives.
CURRICULUM
Pragmatism stresses sense based curriculum (activity based curriculum).
v It assigns due house to the interests of the child.
v It gives integrated cognition around a item work of life.
v It provides work solving activities.
v The pragmatists’ curriculum consists of totality of experiences that the pupil receives through the manifold activities inwards the school, inwards the classroom library, laboratory, in addition to play ground.
v It emphasizes subjects in addition to studies similar social studies, physical training, hygiene, mathematics in addition to science.
DISCIPLINE
In pragmatism, at that spot is no house for rewards in addition to punishments. It stresses social discipline. Pragmatism believes that bailiwick comes through purposive in addition to cooperative activities. According to John Dewey, bailiwick is the proper utilization of one’s loose energy in addition to power. It advocates self discipline.
PRAGMATISM AND THE EDUCATIVE PROCESS
Activity is the cardinal betoken inwards the whole educative process. In all creative learning 2 agencies are evolved-the educator in addition to educand. No existent learning is conceived without the co-operation betwixt the 2 to accomplish their mutual purposes in addition to goals. Co-operation of the 2 inwards pursuing an activity gives rising to the procedure of education.
Action is the primordial; unless at that spot is whatsoever action, at that spot is no thinking. Real didactics is non mere imparting of bookish information; existent didactics agency pled upward inwards many continues sense or activities. The footing of all teaching is the activity of the child.
METHODS OF TEACHING
v The whole emphasis of method of teaching inwards Pragmatism is on child, non the book, or the teacher, or the subject
v The dominant involvement of the kid is “to do in addition to to make”.
v The duty of the instructor to instruct his pupils to do, rather than to know.
v The method should endure flexible in addition to dynamic. It must endure adaptable in addition to modifiable to suit the nature of the dependent affair in addition to the potentiality of the students.
v The pragmatist’s curriculum provides for creative in addition to purposeful activities inwards the teaching-learning process.
v Pragmatism regards instructor every bit a helper, guide in addition to philosopher.
v Pragmatist’s suggests Project method, consisting of purposeful activity carried out inwards a social environment, pupils learns past times doing.
v Learning past times doing makes the pupil creative, confident in addition to co-operative.
v Methods similar work solving, play-way, experimental in addition to laboratory techniques which follows the principles of learning past times doing.
IMPLICATIONS OF PRAGMATISM IN EDUCATION
a) EDUCATION AS LIFE
Old in addition to traditional didactics is lifeless. To them didactics is a continuous re-organizing reconstructing, integrating the sense in addition to activities of race. They desire to conserve the worthwhile civilization of the past. Real cognition tin endure gained solely endure activity, experiments in addition to existent life experience. Thus inwards monastic say to develop the kid fully that he should endure provided opportunities to participate to a greater extent than inwards activities in addition to experiments then that he creates his ain values in addition to Pb better, richer in addition to happiest life.
b) EDUCATION AS GROWTH
The kid is to develop in addition to life for the society, then his personality tin endure best developed inwards social environment. If it were non for his contact alongside other peoples he would never accomplish a personality at all. The soul who interacts alongside others has the mightiness to examine one’s needs inwards an objective way in addition to he has the capacity for reflection in addition to intelligent action. They are inconceivable without the orbit in addition to pick out of the social environment.
Thus didactics volition endure useful if it brings nearly the increment in addition to evolution of the private every bit good every bit the guild which he lives. Each kid is born alongside inherent capacities, tendencies in addition to aptitudes which are drawn out through education.
c) EDUCATION AS Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 SOCIAL PROCESS
In the words of Dewey “Education is the social continuity of life”. To pragmatist didactics is life itself in addition to non preparation for life. Thus it wants to clear to the educator that the 4 things are inseparable i.e. human being in addition to nature, private in addition to society, heed in addition to body, in addition to thought in addition to action. In the words of Prof. V. R. Tenaja ‘The pragmatists wishing that the educator should cause got realisable aims inwards monastic say to run into the create out of life inwards a rational way.
d) EDUCATION Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 CONTINUOUS RESTRUCTURING OF EXPERIENCE
Education is a procedure of development. Knowledge changes alongside circumstances in addition to it gained past times continuous experiments in addition to experiences leads to 1 to some other in addition to then on in addition to the expanse of cognition is widened. The procedure of reconstruction of experiences goes on in addition to leads to adjustment in addition to evolution of the personality. For pragmatists educational procedure has no terminate beyond itself. In improver to the private it is continuous, reorganising, reconstructing in addition to integrating the experiences in addition to the activities of the race.
e) EDUCATION THE RESPONSIBILITY OF STATE
Education is the nativity correct of each individual, then the nation should shoulder the responsibility. It is for the nation to brand the kid capable in addition to confident to run into the problems in addition to challenges of life successfully.
LIMITATIONS
It does non enhance the enquiry of ultimate reality behind things. According to it whatever is apparent is real. There is no house for spirit or essence. Humanities in addition to cultural activities regain no house inwards the pragmatic scheme of education. It ignores the past times every bit good every bit the sense of the past. It lays emphasis on the introduce in addition to the future. It does non render regular in addition to systematic instructions. It is less practicable inwards the Indian schools. The curriculum is haphazard. It is hard to include all the basic skills in addition to cognition required past times the learner. It does non orbit fixed ideals of didactics such every bit didactics does non assist much.
CONCLUSION
Pragmatic philosophy is a practical philosophy, having no fixed or absolute standards. Man ever creates novel value in addition to didactics should assist him inwards doing so. Being a practical in addition to utilitarian schoolhouse of philosophy, pragmatism has influenced didactics to the maximum extent.
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